Atrophic vaginitis is an inflammation or irritation of the vagina caused by thinning and shrinking of the tissues of the vagina and decreased lubrication of the vaginal walls. This is due to a lack of estrogen.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Atrophic vaginitis is typically caused by a decrease in estrogen, as normally occurs after menopause . The disorder may occur in younger women who have had surgery to remove their ovaries. Some women experience it immediately after childbirth or while breastfeeding, since estrogen levels are lower at these times.
Signs and tests
A pelvic examination reveals thin, pale vaginal walls. A wet prep (microscopic evaluation of vaginal discharge ) may be done to rule out other causes of vaginitis. Hormonal studies may be done if menopausal status is uncertain.
Treatment
Topical estrogen creams or tablets may be used vaginally or oral estrogen replacement therapy may be initiated. Usually this is effective in overcoming the problem. Painful sexual intercourse may be helped by using a water-soluble vaginal lubricant.
Expectations (prognosis)
Symptomatic relief is usually achieved by implementing one or more of the treatments outlined.
Calling your health care provider
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you are experiencing vaginal soreness, burning, itching , or painful sexual intercourse that is not alleviated with a water-soluble lubricant.
Prevention
For post-menopausal women in particular, regular sexual activity, with or without a partner, is recommended. Sexual activity improves blood circulation in the vagina , which helps maintain the tissue.